Simple identification tools in FishBase

Simple identification tools for fish species were included in the FishBase information system from its inception. Early tools made use of the relational model and characters like fin ray meristics. Soon pictures and drawings were added as a further help, similar to a field guide. Later came the computerization of existing dichotomous keys, again in combination with pictures and other information, and the ability to restrict possible species by country, area, or taxonomic group. Today, www.FishBase.org offers four different ways to identify species. This paper describes these tools with their advantages and disadvantages, and suggests various options for further development. It explores the possibility of a holistic and integrated computeraided strategy

Mise au point d'une cellule de SOFC haute performance alimentée en méthane pur sans dépôt de carbone

La mise au point d'une cellule de SOFC haute performance de configuration anode support pour un fonctionnement sous méthane pur nécessite l'élaboration d'un film mince d'électrolyte et le développement d'une architecture innovante permettant le reformage d'hydrocarbures. La première partie du travail a consisté en l'élaboration de films minces d'électrolyte de zircone stabilisée à l'oxyde d'yttrium par atomisation électrostatique sur un substrat composite poreux NiO-8YSZ. Cette technique originale a permis l'obtention de films minces, denses et étanches à partir d'une suspension, présentant des propriétés électriques comparables à celles d'un échantillon massif de même composition. La seconde partie du travail a porté sur la mise au point d'une cellule de SOFC optimisée dont l'architecture innovante intégrant une membrane anodique catalytique est basée sur le concept associant le reformage interne progressif et le découplage électro-catalytique. Une séquence d'élaboration établie spécifiquement conditionne l'assemblage des éléments optimisés de la cellule. L'adaptation de la cellule dans un banc de mesures a permis la réalisation de tests électrochimiques sous hydrogène et méthane à haute température. Le fonctionnement stable du dispositif pendant plus de 1000 h sous méthane pur avec un taux d'utilisation optimisé, sans apport extérieur d'eau et sans dépôt de carbone a validé le concept étudié.The design of a high performance anode supported SOFC operating under pure methane requires the elaboration of a thin film of electrolyte and the development of an original architecture adapted to the reforming of hydrocarbons. The first part of this work was dedicated to the elaboration of yttria stabilized zirconia thin films of electrolyte by ESD onto a NiO-8YSZ porous substrate. This original technique has allowed the fabrication of thin, dense and gas-tight films starting from a suspension, with good electrical properties comparable to that of a bulk sample of the same nature. The second part of this work concerned the design of an optimized SOFC cell with an original architecture integrating an anodic catalytic membrane based on a concept gathering the gradual internal reforming and the electro-catalytic dissociation. The assembly of the optimized components is conditioned by an elaboration sequence specifically established. The adjustment of the cell in a test bench led to the achievement of electrochemical tests in hydrogen and methane at 800C. The stable operating of the cell fueled by pure and dry methane with optimized faradaic efficiency for more than 1000 h without carbon deposition proved the viability of the studied concept.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Huez – Brandes-en-Oisans

La programmation 2012-2014 était centrée sur le secteur B 121, partie du quartier industriel occidental de l’agglomération de Brandes-en-Oisans. Dans ce complexe, se déroulait le processus d’enrichissement du minerai autour de la source Font-Morelle et de la canalisation C1. L’étude du fonctionnement de cette chaîne opératoire est inscrite à Brandes dans les problématiques centrées sur « L’eau et ses usages dans une grande entreprise minière médiévale » et développées depuis 1994. Ce thème a ..

Mysida and Lophogastrida of Greece: a preliminary checklist

Abstract Backgroun

OUGUERGOUZ, Fatsah. La charte africaine des droits de l'homme et des peuples. Une approche juridique des droits de l'homme entre tradition et modernité. Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1993, 479p.

Patients with hematological malignancies have a 28-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Among patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the 2-year cumulative incidence of VTE is 5.2%. Several studies suggest that microvesicles (MVs) harboring TF may play a role in VTE and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The aim of this study was to assess the capacity of untreated (APL) cells to shed procoagulant MVs. APL cells (NB4 and HL-60 cell lines) and MVs were separated by filtration (0.1-0.22-0.45-0.65μm). The procoagulant activity (PCA) was assessed by thrombin generation assay (TGA). Alternatively, MVs were incubated with anti-Tissue Factor (TF) antibodies, with annexin V to assess the contribution of TF and phospholipids (PL) to the PCA, respectively. NB4 cells had a high PCA mainly triggered by MVs of size under 0.45μm. The PCA of MVs was related to the expression of active TF and PL. HL-60 cells had a weaker PCA since TF is mostly present in its inactive form. Moreover, HL-60 do not produce MVs<0.65μm associated with PCA. MVs could have a predicting value for VTE and DIC in patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia and could inform physicians about the optimal use of a thromboprophylaxis

SOFC long term operation in pure methane by gradual internal reforming

International audienceA solid oxide fuel cell was designed to be operated in pure methane, without reforming or carrier gas. The fuel cell was built up from conventional NiO-YSZ anode supported cell with a specific Pt screen-printed anodic collecting system and a Ir-CGO catalytic layer. The operation principle is based on Gradual Internal Reforming. After an initiation in H2 for 30 minutes, the cell was operated for almost 2000 hours in pure and dry CH4 with a fuel utilization rate of 30 %. Intrinsic gradual degradation of 15 %/1000 h was observed, but no coking occurred at the anodic side

Toward a new data standard for combined marine biological and environmental datasets - expanding OBIS beyond species occurrences

The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS) is the world's most comprehensive online, open-access database of marine species distributions. OBIS grows with millions of new species observations every year. Contributions come from a network of hundreds of institutions, projects and individuals with common goals: to build a scientific knowledge base that is open to the public for scientific discovery and exploration and to detect trends and changes that inform society as essential elements in conservation management and sustainable development. Until now, OBIS has focused solely on the collection of biogeographic data (the presence of marine species in space and time) and operated with optimized data flows, quality control procedures and data standards specifically targeted to these data. Based on requirements from the growing OBIS community to manage datasets that combine biological, physical and chemical measurements, the OBIS-ENV-DATA pilot project was launched to develop a proposed standard and guidelines to make sure these combined datasets can stay together and are not, as is often the case, split and sent to different repositories. The proposal in this paper allows for the management of sampling methodology, animal tracking and telemetry data, biological measurements (e.g., body length, percent live cover, ...) as well as environmental measurements such as nutrient concentrations, sediment characteristics or other abiotic parameters measured during sampling to characterize the environment from which biogeographic data was collected. The recommended practice builds on the Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A) standard and on practices adopted by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). It consists of a DwC Event Core in combination with a DwC Occurrence Extension and a proposed enhancement to the DwC MeasurementOrFact Extension. This new structure enables the linkage of measurements or facts - quantitative and qualitative properties - to both sampling events and species occurrences, and includes additional fields for property standardization. We also embrace the use of the new parentEventID DwC term, which enables the creation of a sampling event hierarchy. We believe that the adoption of this recommended practice as a new data standard for managing and sharing biological and associated environmental datasets by IODE and the wider international scientific community would be key to improving the effectiveness of the knowledge base, and will enhance integration and management of critical data needed to understand ecological and biological processes in the ocean, and on land.Fil: De Pooter, Daphnis. Flanders Marine Institute; BélgicaFil: Appeltans, Ward. UNESCO-IOC; BélgicaFil: Bailly, Nicolas. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, MedOBIS; GreciaFil: Bristol, Sky. United States Geological Survey; Estados UnidosFil: Deneudt, Klaas. Flanders Marine Institute; BélgicaFil: Eliezer, Menashè. Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale; ItaliaFil: Fujioka, Ei. University Of Duke. Nicholas School Of Environment. Duke Marine Lab; Estados UnidosFil: Giorgetti, Alessandra. Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale; ItaliaFil: Goldstein, Philip. University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, OBIS; Estados UnidosFil: Lewis, Mirtha Noemi. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos; ArgentinaFil: Lipizer, Marina. Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale; ItaliaFil: Mackay, Kevin. National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Nueva ZelandaFil: Marin, Maria Rosa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Moncoiffé, Gwenaëlle. British Oceanographic Data Center; Reino UnidoFil: Nikolopoulou, Stamatina. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, MedOBIS; GreciaFil: Provoost, Pieter. UNESCO-IOC; BélgicaFil: Rauch, Shannon. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Estados UnidosFil: Roubicek, Andres. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere; AustraliaFil: Torres, Carlos. Universidad Autonoma de Baja California Sur; MéxicoFil: van de Putte, Anton. Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences; BélgicaFil: Vandepitte, Leen. Flanders Marine Institute; BélgicaFil: Vanhoorne, Bart. Flanders Marine Institute; BélgicaFil: Vinci, Mateo. Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale; ItaliaFil: Wambiji, Nina. Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute; KeniaFil: Watts, David. CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere; AustraliaFil: Klein Salas, Eduardo. Universidad Simon Bolivar; VenezuelaFil: Hernandez, Francisco. Flanders Marine Institute; Bélgic

Using contextual factors to elicit placebo and nocebo effects: An online survey of healthcare providers' practice

Contextual factor use by healthcare professionals has been studied mainly among nurses and physiotherapists. Preliminary results show that healthcare professionals use contextual factors without specifically labelling them as such. The main objective of this study was to evaluate knowledge and explore voluntary contextual factor use among various healthcare professions. The results aim to facilitate hypothesis-generation, to better position further research to explain and characterise contextual factor use. We conducted a web-based questionnaire cross-sectional observational study on a non-probabilistic convenience sample. Face and content validity were tested through cognitive interviews. Data were analysed descriptively. The target population was the main healthcare profession, or final year students, defined by the French public health law. The countries of distribution of the questionnaire were the French-speaking European countries. Among our 1236 participants, use of contextual factors was widespread. Those relating to the therapeutic relationship (e.g., communication) and patient characteristics (e.g., past experiences) were reportedly the most used. Meanwhile, contextual factors related to the healthcare providers' characteristics and their own beliefs were reported as less used. Despite high variability, respondents suggested contextual effects contribute to approximately half of the overall effect in healthcare and were perceived as more effective on children and elderly adults. Conceptual variations that exist in the literature are also present in the way healthcare providers consider contextual effects. Interestingly, there seems to be common ground between how physiotherapists, nurses and physicians use different contextual factors. Finally, in the present study we also observed that while there are similarities across usage, there is lack of both an epistemological and ethical consensus among healthcare providers with respect to contextual factors

Calcium-regulated exocytosis of dense-core vesicles requires the activation of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)6 by ARF nucleotide binding site opener at the plasma membrane

The ADP ribosylation factor (ARF) GTP binding proteins are believed to mediate cytoskeletal remodeling and vesicular trafficking along the secretory pathway. Here we show that ARF6 is specifically associated with dense-core secretory granules in neuroendocrine PC12 cells. Stimulation with a secretagogue triggers the recruitment of secretory granules to the cell periphery and the concomitant activation of ARF6 by the plasma membrane-associated guanine nucleotide exchange factor, ARF nucleotide binding site opener (ARNO). Expression of the constitutively inactive ARF6(T27N) mutant inhibits secretagogue-dependent exocytosis from PC12 cells. Using a mutant of ARF6 specifically impaired for PLD1 stimulation, we find that ARF6 is functionally linked to phospholipase D (PLD)1 in the exocytotic machinery. Finally, we show that ARNO, ARF6, and PLD1 colocalize at sites of exocytosis, and we demonstrate direct interaction between ARF6 and PLD1 in stimulated cells. Together, these results provide the first direct evidence that ARF6 plays a role in calcium-regulated exocytosis in neuroendocrine cells, and suggest that ARF6-stimulated PLD1 activation at the plasma membrane and consequent changes in membrane phospholipid composition are critical for formation of the exocytotic fusion pore

Regional scale rain-forest height mapping using regression-kriging of spaceborne and airborne lidar data : application on French Guiana

LiDAR data has been successfully used to estimate forest parameters such as canopy heights and biomass. Major limitation of LiDAR systems (airborne and spaceborne) arises from their limited spatial coverage. In this study, we present a technique for canopy height mapping using airborne and spaceborne LiDAR data (from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS)). First, canopy heights extracted from both airborne and spaceborne LiDAR were extrapolated from available environmental data. The estimated canopy height maps using Random Forest (RF) regression from airborne or GLAS calibration datasets showed similar precisions (~6 m). To improve the precision of canopy height estimates, regression-kriging was used. Results indicated an improvement in terms of root mean square error (RMSE, from 6.5 to 4.2 m) using the GLAS dataset, and from 5.8 to 1.8 m using the airborne LiDAR dataset. Finally, in order to investigate the impact of the spatial sampling of future LiDAR missions on canopy height estimates precision, six subsets were derived from the initial airborne LiDAR dataset. Results indicated that using the regression-kriging approach a precision of 1.8 m on the canopy height map was achievable with a flight line spacing of 5 km. This precision decreased to 4.8 m for flight line spacing of 50 km